1. 标准英音和美音
标准美音：GA：General American
标准英音：RP：Received Pronunciation
2. 英音与美音的元音区别
2.1 元音区别A：卷舌音
当字母 r 出现在单词的元音字母组合中时，英音 r 不发音 ，美音会出现独特的卷舌音 。
[ɑr] car charge far large smart
[?r ] her earn bird turn learn word first（基准卷舌音）
[?r] dear near
[?r ] air dare pear their where
[?r] sure tour poor
[?r] for more door floor pour before
[j?r ] fewer sure poor tour cure
[ɑ?r] fire liar buyer tired higher
[ɑ?r] hour flower tower power shower
[r ] employer destroyer
2.2 元音区别B：[ɑ:] – [?]
英语中的元音[ɑ:]在用于[f] [θ] [s]或鼻音前时 ，美语发为[?]，但在字母组合lm前发音不变仍为[ɑ] 。
英音 美音
(1) half /hɑ:f/ /h ? f/
(2) bath /bɑ: θ/ /b ?θ/
(3) pass /pɑ:s/ /p ? s/
(4) ask /ɑ:sk/ / ? sk/
(5) calm /kɑ:m/ /kɑm/
(6) palm /pɑ:m/ /pɑm/
Read the dialogue
At a Party
Margaret： Where’s your glass, Barbara?
Barbara： It’s on the bar.
Martin： Barbara, Margaret! Come into the garden! Martha and Charles are dancing on the grass!
Margaret： In the garden? What a laugh!
Barbara： So they are!
Margaret： They are dancing under the stars!
Martin： And Arnold’s playing his guitar.
Barbara： Doesn’t Martha look smart?
Margaret： Look at Charles! What a marvelous dancer!
Barbara： Ah! Let’s take a photograph of Martha and Charles.
Martin： We can’t. It’s too dark.
2.3 元音区别C：
英语[?: ]变为美语[?]或[ɑ]（其实美语发音介于两者之间 ，区分并不大 ，建议读作[ɑ]）。
英音 美音
(1) bought /b?:t/ /b?t/或/bɑt/
(2) talk /t?:k/ /t?k/或/tɑk/
(3) ball /b?:l/ /b?l/或/bɑl/
(4) caught /k?:t/ /k?t/或/kɑt/
(5) law /l?:/ /l?/或/lɑ/
(5) saw /s?:/ /s?/或/sɑ/
Read the following words, paying attention to the pronunciation of [?].
coffee water caught law
bought boss tall talk
lawyer fought walk ball
cause draw daughter August
saw ought flaw paw
2.4 元音区别D：[?] – [ɑ]
英语[?]变为美语[ɑ] 。
英音 美音
(1) hot /h?t/ /hɑt/
(2) cot /k?t/ /kɑt/
(3) clock /kl?k/ /klɑk/
(4) shop /p/ /?ɑp/
(5) box /b?x/ /bɑx/
(6) not /n?t/ /nɑt/
Read the following words, while paying attention to the different pronunciation of [ɑ].
what want wash watch
bottle promise shop job
hot top college pot
2.5 元音区别E：[?] [?] – [?]
英语[?]、[?]在美语中不再区分，读为[?]（其实美音将其读成两者都可以，不作区分 ，只不过是强弱读的分别而已 ，前者强读后者弱读） 。
英音 美音
(1) above /?’b?v/ /?’b?v/
(2) but /b?t/ /b?t/
(3) touch /t?t?/ /t?t?/
(4) love /l?v/ /l?v/
(5) blood /bl?d/ /bl?d/
Now practice the sound in words. Listen and repeat each word twice.
(1) up /?p/ up
(2) love /l?v/ love
(3) cut /k?t/ cut
(4) another /?’n?r/ another
(5) above /?’b?v/ above
(6) bus /b?s/ bus
(7) nut /n?t/ nut
(8) sun /s?n/ sun
(9) bun /b?n/ bun
(10) cup /k?p/ cup
2.6 元音区别F：[e] [?]
与英语中的[e]相比，美语中的[?]口型向两侧分得略大一点。
英音 美音
(1) bed /bed/ /b?d/
(2) head /hed/ /h?d/
Now practice the sound in words.
(1) egg /?g/ egg
(2) guess /g?s/ guess
(3) neck /n?k/ neck
(4) red /r?d/ red
(5) let /l?t/ let
3. 英音与美音的辅音区别
3.1 辅音区别A:字母t的发音
字母 t 可出现在单词的词首 、词中和词尾三个部位。其中在词首与词尾时的发音技巧美式与英式相同 ，发[t] ，例如 tight /tɑ?t/ 。而在词中时，英式读法和词首 、词尾一致 ，美式却有两种读法 。
Flat[t]
由舌尖弹动发出的弹舌音 ，听起来像一个非常轻的[d]。
better city letter little bottle
better noted city little citizen patio putting
Read the words, while paying attention to the pronunciation of [t] ( =[d] ).
city forty butter
water dirty matter
writer better Betty
/t/ /d/
Italian Italy
attack attic
atomic atom
photography photograph
鼻腔爆破
鼻腔爆破(Nasal Plosive)：由舌前端在上齿根部闭气，软颚放低 ，发出鼻辅音/n/的瞬间 ，气流突然从鼻腔冲出，形成鼻腔爆破 。
button cotton√ thirteen×
button written curtain eaten important Latin
Now practice the sound in words. Notice the phonetic spelling. Listen and repeat each word twice.
(1) mutton /’m?tn/ mutton
(2) written /’ritin/ /’r?tn/ written
(3) curtain /’k?:tin/ /’k?rtn/ curtain
(4) certain /’s?:tin/ /’s?rtn/ certain
(5) eaten /’itin/ /’?tn/ eaten
(6) button /’b?t?n/ /’b?tn/ button
3.2 辅音区别B:字母l的发音
Clear L
舌尖抵在上齿根部 ，再自然落下 ，发出类似汉语“了”的音 。
lightletliplocallakelamp
Phrases and single sentences
a lovely girl All is well.
Let her alone.
to tell a lie
ate at night
Did he leave?
little by little
to live well
to talk loud
Is Della telling us a lie?
Laura left a little after eleven.
All love letters belong to loose Louise.
Would you like to look at the lake
where Larry Lotter was eaten for lunch?
Where shall we meet for lunch?
A little boy just fell into the lake.
Dark L
舌尖抵在上齿根部但不落下，气流从舌边涌出(如下图)，声带振动发[?]。
ball talkfail feelill wolf
Now practice the sound in words. Notice the phonetic spelling. Listen and repeat each word twice.
(1) kill / kill/ kill
(2) school /skul/ school
(3) soul /s?ul/ soul
(4) pail /pɑil/ pail
(5) boil /b?il/ boil
(6) tool /tul/ tool
单词中不同位置的L
1) 词首: 字母L单独或以辅音连缀的形式出现在单词的词首时 ，都发Clear L 。如 fly play blame climb
2) 词中:字母L单独或以双写形式出现在单词的词中时
——英式：只发一个Clear L 。
——美式：先发一个Dark L ，再发一个Clear L。如 telephone elephant a million
3) 词尾:字母L单独或以辅音连缀的形式出现在单词词尾时，都发Dark L 。如：feel bell felt belt 。
Practice the sound /l/ as in “like ” in several different positions. Listen and repeat these words.
词首
(1) look (4) lunch (7) laugh (10) loud
(2) labor (5) legal (8) lecture (11) lover
(3) license (6) lawyer (9) leader (12) literature
词中
(1) alive (4) alarm (7) believe (10) dollar
(2) college (5) family (8) polite (11) toilet
(3) realize (6) island (9) popular (12) intelligent
词尾
(1) all (4) pool (7) small (10) well
(2) heel (5) dial (8) female (11) April
(3) annual (6) install (9) control (12) schedule
3. 字母r在词首时的正确发音
发在词首的字母r也是中国人发音的一大难点。主要也是因为发音习惯的不同 。中国人在很多情况下把它发为类似汉语的“日 ” 。而在英语中字母r是不会这样发音的。
（注意舌头抬起 ，接近但不贴近硬腭 ，吹口气，嘴努一努 ，如下图）
roseroadriver
顺口溜：Robert Rally rolled a round roll around the round road.
Now practice the sound in words. Notice the phonetic spelling. Listen and repeat each word twice.
(1) red /r?d/ red (2) write /wrɑit/ write
(3) arrive /?’rɑiv/ arrive (4) borrow /’b?r?u/ borrow
(5) car /kɑr/ car (6) far /fɑr/ far
4. [ɑ?]的发音困难
[ɑ?]音发起来挺难 ，很多学生会把这个音同元音[ɑ]相混，或用汉语语音中的ao取代。这个音从[ɑ]过渡到[?] 。
soundroundounce how
6. [?]的发音困难
英语中鼻音[?]不会出现在单词词首 ，而像我国山西、四川等地的方言中 ，[?]是可以在词首发音的 。同时在中国学生发[?]音时，经常使用汉语拼音中的eng,有时还会与[n]混淆。
[n] 前鼻音 发音时嘴不张开 舌尖抬起贴上齿齿龈
[?] 后鼻音 发音时嘴张开 舌后部抬起贴硬腭 kingsing
Now practice the sound in words. Notice the phonetic spelling. Listen and repeat each word twice.
(1) ink /ink/ ink
(2) thank /θk/ thank
(3) single /’si?gl/ single
(4) singer /’sir/ singer
(5) sing /si?/ sing
(6) king /ki?/ king
7. [l] [n]的混淆问题
[l]是舌边音 ，气流从口腔而不是鼻腔流过 。相反 ，发[n]音时，气流走的是鼻腔 。另外这两个音发音时舌头虽然都抵上颚，但[l]接触很快 ，很轻 ，而[n]要紧抵住不放。
[n] nightnice
[l] light
Practice the sound in words. Notice the phonetic spelling. Listen and repeat each word twice.
(1)no /n?u/ no
(2)not /nɑt/ not
(3)dinner /din?r/ dinner
(4)funny /f?ni/ funny
(5)brain /bren/ brain
(6)low /l?u/ low
(7)lot /lɑt/ lot
(8)dealer /dil?r/ dealer
(9)fully /f?li/ fully
(10) blame /blem/ blame
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